Understanding Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID) in Canada
In Canada, individuals seeking compassionate end-of-life options have the right to Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID). MAID allows qualified individuals experiencing immense suffering to find peace and dignity and choice in their final moments. As a death doula, I believe in empowering individuals with information so they can make informed decisions about their end-of-life care and make the right choice for them.
What is MAID?
MAID refers to the process where an eligible person in Canada seeks and obtains medical help to end their life. This has been a legal option for those who qualify across Canada since 2016, grounded in compassion, aiming to alleviate suffering, and uphold individual rights.
How Can Someone Receive MAID?
There are two ways to receive MAID in Canada:
Clinician-Administered: A nurse practitioner or physician administers, by intravenous, a substance that causes death.
Self-Administered: A nurse practitioner or physician provides a prescription for a substance that the patient can self-administer.
Note: The vast majority of MAID deaths in Canada involve clinician-administered intravenous substances.
Who is Eligible for MAID?
To qualify for MAID, a person must meet the following criteria:
Be eligible for government-funded health insurance in Canada
Be 18 years of age or older and have decision-making capacity
Have a grievous and irremediable medical condition
Make a voluntary request for MAID without external pressure
Give informed consent after receiving all necessary information, including diagnosis, available treatments, and options to relieve suffering.
What is a "Grievous and Irremediable Medical Condition?"
This means the person must:
Have a serious illness, disease, or disability
Be in an advanced state of decline that cannot be reversed
Experience unbearable physical or mental suffering that cannot be relieved under conditions they find acceptable
The Assessment Process:
Two independent healthcare professionals must evaluate an individual to determine eligibility. The assessment process follows one of two tracks:
Track 1: Death is Reasonably Foreseeable:
Requires a written request, an independent witness, two medical assessments, and final consent (or a waiver in some cases).
Track 2: Death is Not Reasonably Foreseeable:
Requires a written request, an independent witness, two medical assessments, information about available relief, a minimum 90-day assessment period, and final consent.
Important Considerations:
After being approved for MAID, individuals are not required to proceed immediately and can change their mind anytime even the day of the provision.
It’s recommended to discuss MAID with your healthcare provider or a regional MAID team.
As a death doula, I can provide emotional support and guidance as you explore your options and navigate these complex decisions. Oftentimes working with individuals to discuss what is important to you during the process from the first appointment to the day of provision. Many decisions can be discussed and communicated including, who should be present, where you would like to be and many other small details including music, conversations and readings to name a few. As a Death Doula I can be a companion present during any or all steps in the process.
Resources:
September 2025: Dying With Dignity Canada: dyingwithdignity.ca
